8220Soldier8217s Home8221 and 8220Speaking of Cour Essay Example For Students

8220Soldier8217s Home8221 and 8220Speaking of Cour Essay age8221Many individuals stress over what occurs during war however nobody acknowledges what befalls the youngsters returning from war. The youngsters that do battle will transform them drastically when they return. In the short story Soldiers Home, by E. Heimingway, he expounds on a youthful keeps an eye on after war understanding, getting back and into society. In another short story called Speaking of Courage, by Tim OBrien, he as well, investigates the eventual outcomes of war and how it can affect a youthful people life. The short stories, Soldiers Home, by E. Heimingway and Speaking of Courage, by Tim OBrien are a greater number of contrasts than likenesses. There are a great deal of likenesses between the two stories. As a matter of first importance, both of the narratives share the some subject. The subject of the two stories is, war makes individuals drew in at war difficult for them to reemerge society. The two stories exhibit this subject in light of the fact that the two stories are about a person who returns from war and is lost and doesnt realize where to go. Likewise the two stories manage the frustration of the individuals getting back from war. A citation from Speaking of Courage, He drove gradually. No rush, no place to go. (162) exhibits the point that the fundamental character has no place to go. They had battled and they have simply reappeared society. The ethics in war are totally different from the general public that they had quite recently left before they did battle. Additionally, youngsters coming back from war, lose sentiments that they once had about things and individuals. Krebs, the principle character from Speak ing of Courage, loses his sentiments he had for his mom, Yes. Dont you love your mom, dear kid? No, Krebs said (99). Another similitude between the tales was that the two stories had characters in them, which influence the characters position and uncovers something about their character. Krebs wanted to go out and get a young lady, Now he would have preferred a young lady on the off chance that she had come to him and no needed to talk. Be that as it may, here at home it was very confused. He realized he would never get past everything again. (94). This uncovered he was presumably lethargic and invested no energy to get a young lady. From Speaking of Courage the citation On his third day home hed seen her out cutting the garden, still beautiful in a silky red shirt and white shorts. For a second hed nearly pulled over, just to talk, yet rather hed pushed down hard on the gas pedal. (159) likewise shows the similitude. Additionally the perspective in the two stories are the equivalent. The two stories have the perspective of third individual, as we have a storyteller portray what each character is d oing. Beside the numerous similitudes there are additionally a great deal of contrasts between the two stories. One distinction between the two stories is the plot. Talking about Courage is about a person who hovers around a lake multiple times while imaging scenes in his mind that could have occurred. In the other story Soldiers Home it was about a person that returns home and lounges around the entire day watching young ladies stroll by on his entryway patio. The story uncovers his emotions about young ladies all through the principal half of the story. At that point at long last at long last he has a muddled discussion with his mom. Another distinction between the two stories is the setting. The short story, Speaking of Courage occurred after the primary character, Norman Bowker, came back to his home after the Vietnam War. While in Speaking of Courage, the story occurred a couple of years following World War I. Talking about Courage occurred in Norman Bowkers van more often than not as he was making upsets are the lake. In Soldiers Home the story was generally on the entryway patio of Krebs home and inside his kitchen. The exchange and structure of the two stories are additionally extraordinary. In Soldiers Home the main portion of the story contained no exchange and in the second 50% of the story, it contained an entire discussion to the furthest limit of the story. In Speaking of Courage, the entire story was stirred up and contained exchange all through the entire story. The two stories contained numerous distinctions. .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686 , .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686 .postImageUrl , .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686 , .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686:hover , .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686:visited , .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686:active { border:0!important; } .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686:active , .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686:hover { haziness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-improvement: underline; } .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-design: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u36cbf3810a6ab6a030d6b33b9d1ae686:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight EssayBoth of the narratives had a great deal of contrasts yet there were more likenesses. The primary plot of the two stories were extraordinary, yet the topic of the two short stories were comparative. The exchanges contained in the two stories were additionally unique and the short story Speaking of Courage contained considerably more discourse than Soldiers Home. The perspective, and the characters in the storys importance were comparative however the structure and exchange were distinctive between the two stories. At long last, the two stories were attempting to pass on the message that war changes your life dra stically, for the more awful. List of sources:

Lockes Government Essays - Rights, Sovereignty, Libertarian Theory

Locke's Government The Declaration of Independence, composed by Thomas Jefferson, and The Second Treatise on Civil Government by John Locke, are two comparative works. Locke's work appears to have had an impact on Jefferson when he composed the Declaration of Independence. The two works were composed on government, what it ought to and ought not be. Locke brings the view that the state exists to safeguard the characteristic privileges of its residents. At the point when governments bomb in that task, residents have the right- - and now and again the obligation - to pull back their help and occasion to revolt. Locke kept up that the condition of nature was an upbeat also, lenient one, that the implicit agreement safeguarded the previous normal privileges of the individual to life, freedom, and property, and that the satisfaction in private rights- - the quest for bliss - drove, in common society, to the benefit of all. Locke's type of government is straightforward, yet befuddling. Locke's legislature is broken down into four primary territories, the State of Nature ( SN ), the State of War ( SW ), Civil Society ( CS ), and Political Society ( PS ). Locke starts by perceiving the distinctions between power, as a rule, and political force specifically. Locke accepts political capacity to be, ?the intensity of an officer over a subject.? (2) The subject stays under the justices rule by decision. This realizes the State of Nature. The SN is a condition of immaculate opportunity, no one is controlling others and nobody is being controlled, everybody is equivalent. Locke comes to state that the main way somebody can lead over us is on the off chance that we let them. By doing this we are most certainly not deserting our SN, however staying in it. It is ones decision to let another direct them. Our SN is compromised however in light of the fact that we don't have unlimited authority, thusly we come into the Territory of War. Under SW we have removed others SN or surrendered our own. For us to get it back we come into Civil Society. By loaning out our SN we meet up to secure it. We are given back our SN after it has been reestablished. We are not, at this point undermined by somebody taking it away. The difficult that emerges is the way this is certifiably not an extremely strong arrangement. This prompts the Political Society. Individuals consent to get together and set up a PC (AKA ?government?) The PC is liable for ensuring others. We are still in our State of Nature as we have lended it out, gotten it back and deal with others in masterminding a Political Society. Locke is endeavoring to comprehend the best possible connection between a people and a legislature. Jefferson's thoughts are near those of Lockes. Which demonstrates Locke's work had an sway on him. The principal significant connection between Jefferson's Declaration of Independence also, Locke's Second Treatise is that the two of them have confidence in the State of Nature and use it as the premise of their legislatures. The Declaration of Independence says that, ?...and to expect among the Powers of the earth, the different and equivalent station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them...? (1) Locke accepts this as, ?...what express all men are normally in, and that is a condition of ideal opportunity to arrange their activities, and discard their assets furthermore, people as they might suspect fit inside the limits of the Law of Nature...? ( 2 ) The Declaration of Independence is stating that when one lot of governmental issues isn't working, that one must split away what's more, begin once more in the Law of Nature since this is really the best way to go. For Locke, ?The Sate of Nature has a law of Nature to administer it, which obliges everybody, and reason, which is that law, shows all humanity who will yet counsel it, that being all equivalent and free, nobody should hurt another in his life, freedom, or assets.? (2) Jefferson utilizes the Law of Nature as the most noteworthy government a general public can accomplish. This being everybody free, and in their State of Nature, yet under a legislature. Another similitude is the manner by which they clarify their conviction that all men are made equivalent. As the Presentation of Independence goes on Jefferson comes to state, ?...that all men are made equivalent, that they are supplied by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the

Reading Reflection Essays

Perusing Reflection Essays Perusing Reflection Essay Perusing Reflection Essay Perusing Reflection Barbara Morales ENG125 †Introduction to Literature Professor Sarah Ross December 5, 2011 What topped my enthusiasm for this story is the title â€Å"The Welcome Table†. Fundamentally it ought to be titled â€Å"The Unwelcome Table† in light of its significant instances of bigotry, destitution, and out of line judgment and treatment; so, man’s barbarism to man. This short story is a prime case of bad faith, narrow mindedness, and unchristian like conduct while in God’s house. An old, dark lady strolled from her home to an all-white church to venerate and was dismissed with barbarous words and physical expelling by two major, beefy men. This evil treatment by the â€Å"Christians† didn't stop or debilitate her from applauding the Lord. The whole gathering was liable of a similar wrongdoing since they all felt a similar way. There was no judgment or revision of one another on the grounds that they all idea the same. Indeed, even the profound pioneer of the congregation gave a poor, unforgiving guide to the assemblage and they all went with the same pattern. She was not qualified to be seen past her decrepit dress, her work worn hands, her matured body, her worn out recolored apparel, her oily scarf, and her scraped shoes. They didn't see past her outer, dirtied trappings to her inside innocent, unlimited love of God’s nobility, and her entitlement to adore him. Subsequent to being tossed out of chapel, she proceeded on her way until she saw Jesus strolling towards her. He took a gander at her affectionately and said â€Å"follow me†. This demonstrated Jesus is wherever not simply in chapel. Alice Walker’s â€Å"The Welcome Table†, is composed from an omniscient perspective since Alice Walker isn't a character in the book yet she did know and comprehend the sentiments of the characters in the story (Clugston, 2010). Walker’s composing contained numerous instances of Similes and Metaphors. †¦Ã¢â‚¬  and he strolled with sure even strides toward her, as though he were strolling on the sea†. â€Å" the skin powder-colored yet tough, similar to the bark of old pines†. â€Å"There was a tragic however euphoric look to his face, similar to a flame was sparkling behind it†. (Clugston, 2010). The utilization of incongruity is noticeable in the accompanying passage from â€Å"The Welcome Table†: â€Å"The insurance and guarantee of God’s unbiased love† (Clugston 2010). Through the congregations’ negative conduct toward the elderly person, the assemblage demonstrated that they didn't try to do He said others should do. Alice Walker utilizes a true to life/authentic methodology in her works. She had firsthand information on the battles of dark individuals of the South who encountered the absence of fundamental human rights. They lived prejudice, isolation, sexism, destitution, and social and financial bad form. In her works she expounded on her background and the absence of correspondence and the commonness of racial bad form. She carried attention to individuals of different pieces of the nation to the situation of poor people and overlooked and focused on the requirement for radical change in our general public. The Civil Rights March of the 60’s, drove by Dr. Martin Luther King had a significant, extraordinary effect on Alice Walker’s life which is clear in her compositions. Her compositions mirror her life as an instructor, social liberties specialist, supporter and tutor. She comprehended the significance of intensity in numbers. The sorted out fights of the individuals and by the individuals provided for the individuals the natural rights ensured to all under the Constitution of the United States of America. By their activities they fortified their requests for uniformity for all in the land. Change was unavoidable. While teaming up through her endeavors in enlisting and urging individuals to cast a ballot, she met and wedded a Jewish, Civil Rights Lawyer named Melvyn Leventhal. Her works have outperformed shading lines and made us mindful that we are on the whole individuals from humankind. There is no unrivaled shading and we are on the whole individuals from mankind. Strikingly enough, the Alice Walker book â€Å"Color Purple† brought a lot of analysis from many dark male researchers. They felt she portrayed an unjustifiable picture of dark men. They disapproved of her depiction of dark men who regarded their spouses as asset and disgraceful, peons. Toward the finish of her accounts, ladies all got their reprisal. She encountered cynicism from numerous in the public arena and tragically additionally inside her own race and culture. References Clugston, W. R. , (2010). Excursion Into Literature. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Alice Walkers Love Stories. The Way Forward Is with a Broken Heart by Alice Walker. The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, No. 31 (Spring, 2001), pp. 132-133.

In Cold Blood Retaining the Readers Interest through Suspense and Tension - Literature Essay Samples

In modern literature, suspense and tension are almost essential in producing works that are both successful and interesting to the reader. These two aspects of literature are especially important in Truman Capotes novel, In Cold Blood, which delineates the story of how a mere robbery attempt concludes in the death of four well-respected and affable family members. Although the reader is cognizant of various outcomes in the story beforehand, Capote effectively retains the readers interest through suspense and tension. Capote particularly engenders this suspense and tension by shifting between simultaneous events, waiting to disclose the details of the murder, and suggesting fallacies in Americas judicial system. Suspense proves to be an essential aspect to this novel, particularly in the way in which it proves to be a new plot mechanism. For example, one way Capote introduces suspense is through the short segments within each chapter. He constantly switches back and forth between Dic k and Perry and the people in Holcomb, leaving the reader longing to discover what happens on both perspectives of the story. More importantly, he ends many of the segments with surprising and suspenseful actions and thoughts. For example, when Nancy broaches her suspicions about the smell of cigarette smoke, Capote cunningly ends with this thought: Before she could ask if this was really what Nancy meant, Nancy cut her off: Sorry, Susie. Ive got to go. Mrs. Katz is here' (22). This ending leaves the reader wondering whether Mr. Clutter, who possesses a strong aversion toward such matters, would actually take part in smoking. This suspected, sudden change in the daily habits of the family allows Capote to stir up a suspenseful atmosphere in the readers mind because these details seem to foreshadow the murder. In addition, Capote amplifies the suspense by ending the section on this note, leaving the reader at a climactic point. Furthermore, as Capote switches back to the murderers, h e describes their preparations in a casual manner. The tensions thus increases as the reader becomes upset at the lack of morals of the murderers and the total obliviousness of the Clutter family toward the upcoming events. The constant switching also serves another purpose by bringing the reader into the actual story as he or she tries to keep up with simultaneous events as they occur. Furthermore, Capote presents many of the unfolding events through the testimonies of various citizens, which gives more credibility to the story. In addition to the timely shifts in the novel, Capote engenders suspense by waiting to disclose various details of the story, most importantly of the actual murders. Capote chooses to stop the description of the score just as the murderers approach the house: Dick doused the headlights, slowed down, and stopped until his eyes were adjusted to the moon-illuminated night. Presently, the car crept forward (57). After this passage, Capote skips straight to the discovery of the dead victims. Capote utilizes this very effective tactic of skipping ahead in order to build suspense. He surprises the reader and leaves him or her with the desire to continue in order to unearth the facts and details of that hideous night. In addition to building suspense, this method again places the reader in the eyes of the bemused Holcomb citizens, as they are equally clueless on the details surrounding the murders. Similarly, Capote does not explicitly introduce the murder plot: Still no sign of Dick. But he was sure to show up; after all, the purpose of their meeting was Dicks idea, his score' (14). Referring to the murder plot as the score serves various purposes. First, this reference adds to the suspenseful ambience because the reader cannot decipher its exact meaning; he or she can only construe that the term refers in some manner to the murder. Secondly, it puts the reader in the eyes and thoughts of Perry because he too appears incognizant of the actua l plan before meeting Dick. Finally, during the period between the meeting and the murders, Capote adheres to using the reference score so that he may keep any motives and details mysterious and suspenseful. Again, Capote masterfully puts the reader into the eyes of the curious Holcomb citizens because neither the reader nor the citizens become aware of the motive until much later in the novel. In addition to using suspense as an efficacious tool in retaining the readers interest, Capote also brings into play an aspect of tension during the court trials and psychiatric evaluations. Capote commences to impose his own thoughts and beliefs into the story during the court trials. He lucidly demonstrates his condemnation of the MNaghten Rule due to its tight strictures and inflexibility: But had Dr. Jones been permitted to discourse on the cause of his indecision, he would have testified: Perry Smith shows definite signs of severe mental illness' (296). By including the statements of Dr . Jones, if he would have been allowed to speak further, Capote evinces his concern and frustration over the utilization of the death penalty when dealing with the insane. A one word response to a question dealing with whether or not a person is insane is, of course, hardly sufficient to convey the full scope of the evaluation, especially if the subjects life depends on this evaluation. Capote also probes the inner mind of Perry Smith during his incarceration: Eventually he wondered if perhaps he had invented them (a notion that he might not be normal, maybe insane had troubled him even when I was little, and my sisters laughed because I liked moonlight. To hide in the shadows and watch the moon) (265). This passage creates tension and the readers mind vacillates on whether or not Perry experienced schizophrenia. Moreover, by including this passage, Capote foments a feeling of sympathy for the murderer. Throughout the beginning of the novel, the reader feels animosity towards Perry, but as Capote discloses these new details, the reader begins to reevaluate his or her previous convictions. Thus, Capote again allows the reader to see things through Perrys perspective. Once more, tension arises from a sudden shift in the mindset of the reader. Nonetheless, Capote leaves the reader with an ambiguous ending. Only the reader can decide whether Perry could acknowledge his actions as wrong on that horrific night or if the emotional and physical scars created by Perrys childhood drove him insane. Thus, because Capote effectively uses tools of suspense and tension, he retains the readers interest throughout the entire novel. The simultaneous shifting between events, delaying of crucial facts and details till later in the story, and the questioning of the courts laws on cases dealing with the insane and the death penalty are only some of the mechanisms Capote utilizes to conceive an extremely powerful and intriguing novel.

The Description Of Spring, By The Knight, The Parson, And...

The description of spring, where the General Prologue begins, is long and formal compared to the dialectal of the rest of the Prologue. The first lines place the story in a specific time and place, but the speaker does this in cosmic and repeated terms, praising the energy and fruitfulness of spring. This method gives the opening lines a dreamy, unending, blurred quality, and it is surprising when the narrator tells that he is going to describe a pilgrimage that he took rather than telling a love story. In the General Prologue, there are characters that are introduced with regard to Christianity and to the Church. These icons of religion represent the corruption of the church, for the Summoner summons people on a subjective basis, while the Pardoner sells fake relics. Chaucer establishes an idea of Christianity expressed in the knight, the parson, and the plowman. The Knight has battled in crusades the world over, and comes closer than any of the other characters to personifying the principles of his calling. But even in his case, the narrator implies a small separation between the knight and His role: the Knight doesn’t merely demonstrate chivalry, truth, honor, freedom, and courtesy; he treats it as though he loves them. His qualities are due to his self-conscious search of clearly considered principles. Additionally, the Knight’s conduct is noteworthy. Not only is he a worthy warrior, he is sensible in the image of himself that he projects. His appearance is strategic toShow MoreRelatedThe Portrait of Medieval Social Classes as Presented in the General Prologue to Geoffrey Chaucer’s the Canterbury Tales4628 Words   |  19 Pagesthe Knight, the Parson and the Plowman. Women were often treated as an estate to themselves. The basic tripartite division of society, for instance, is reflected in Chaucer’s making his Knight, Parson and Plowman the three ideal characters on the pilgrimage- along with the Clerk to stand for those who learn and teach. However, I have to admit that this division is not so obvious, which I explained below. ‘Chaucer starts the introduction of pilgrims with the highest-ranking layman, the Knight, withRead MoreQuestions Macbeth Essay3342 Words   |  14 Pagesdescribed in the opening passage of The Canterbury Tales is spring. According to the narrator, when the season comes the people long to go on pilgrammages. 2) English people want to go down to Canterbury to seek the holy martyr, St. Thomas a Becket. 3) The narrator claims he meets some twenty nine pilgrims. 4) The Knight has fought in Alexandria, Prussia, Lithuania, Granada, North Africa, and Anatolia. 5) If the Knight beats his opponents in the tournament ring, he kills them. Read MoreSub--Chaucer art of characterization as found in prologue of Canterbury by marufa sultana.2939 Words   |  12 PagesChaucer begins the Prologue with a beautiful announcement of spring. This introduction is the voice of the Poet, polished, elegant, and finished. He tells us that just as Nature has a predictable course through the seasons, so does human nature follow a seasonal pattern, which causes people to want to break out of winters confinement and go traveling in the spring. Thus the stage is set for Chaucer, who is the Narrator of this poem. Twenty-nine travelers meet at the Tabard Inn in London beforeRead More How Does Chaucer Present The Miller To Become Such A Vivid And Vibrant2577 Words   |  11 PagesHow Does Chaucer Present The Miller To Become Such A Vivid And Vibrant Character? ‘The Canterbury Tales’ is a selection of stories written in Middle English. On a spring day in April sometime in the 14th century 29 pilgrims (including Chaucer as a character 30) set out for Canterbury on a pilgrimage. Among them is a knight, a monk, a prioress, two nun’s, the friar, the squire, the yeoman, the merchant, a clerk, a sergeant of the law, a wealthy landowner, a doctor, the wife of Bath, a supplierRead MoreFigurative Language and the Canterbury Tales13472 Words   |  54 Pagesbut containing no ending rhyme. Lines of verse contain forms closest to that of natural speaking, yet are flexible and adaptive. 14. characterization principles: characters should be 1) consistent in their behaviors, 2)their words and actions should spring from motivations the reader can understand, and 3) plausible and lifelike 15. cinquain: a five line stanza 16. conceit: in literature, fanciful or unusual image in which apparently dissimilar things are shown to have a relationship. The device was

Metropolis, by Fritz Lang and Frankenstein, by Mary...

The idea of progress being inspired by the past is revisited in Fritz Langs 1927 film Metropolis. Though the films titular city is a gleaming landscape of technological advancement it is through the hands of the arcane inventor Rotwang that the films most stunning creation comes into being. Like Frankenstein revisiting â€Å"outdated† natural philosphers for his inspiration, Joh Frederson, the figurehead of Metropolis and the man to whom technology means the most, turns to the aged inventor in hopes of pushing technology even further. The visit to Rotwang is like a visit to the past: his house is the only edifice we see that is in no way modern (in fact it has such a clapboard appearance when held against the rest of Metropolis that ir†¦show more content†¦When held up to the monster in Shelleys novel, Rotwangs creation serves as an indication of how far the technology in Metropolis has come. Though the basic premise of the two scenarios is the same, namely the cobbling together of a being and its homuncular bringing to life, Rotwangs creation is a much colder affair. Whereas Frankenstein built his monster from human remains, dabbling â€Å"among the unhallowed damps of the grave† and collecting â€Å"bones from charnel-houses† (Shelley, p. 62), Rotwangs creation is made entirely of cold metal, it is a being of bronze and bolts. There is no room in Langs vision of technology gone awry for even the barest hint of human involvement. Everything is cold, mechanical, and calculated. Even the workers, the lowest citizens on the societal totem and the only human contact the machinery necessitates is at risk of being forced from their jobs by Rotwangs metallic creation. If technology and progress are expressed by a metaphysical quandary in Shelleys novel then in Langs film it is entirely mechanical. Humanity comes second to the technology that allows

21st Century Leadership-Literature Review-Samples for Students

Question: Write a Literature Review on 21st Century Leadership. Answer: Introduction Leadership refers to the art of co-coordinating and guiding people in such a way that the whole organization achieves competence along with the fulfillment of the personal objective of employees as well. There have been many role, practices, and theories defined with respect to leadership process, but it shall be noted that leadership is the quality of a manager which they inherit in their attitude and help others to achieve their targets. According to Antonakis, and Day (2017) 21st century leadership is the approach initiated by the companies currently prevailing in the market. It refers to the skills with the help of which the manager inspire other to modify their thoughts and actions in such a way that vision of the company is achieved. This type of leadership provides a better understanding of the task in the company and it also aligns the interest of all the level of management at the same time. Working with all people and making no person depressed is the main objective of this type of leadership. Further Arroliga et. al., (2014) states that the manager of the 21st century should be capable enough to analyze the expertise present with them and organize them accordingly so as to achieve success in the global environment. Further, the literature review provides a brief overview of the predicted key competencies of the 21st century leader, how they are distinct from classical leadership, and the underlying cause of such changes in leadership activities. Further details about the task are discussed below. Predicted key competencies for 21st century leaders Talking about the earlier times, it shall be noted that not much of the businesses were confronted with the major problem and also there were also not many problems attracted by businesses in the global market. Resulting to which companies and managers did not require enough efficiency to manage the activities of the business (Melcher, et. al., 2017). But with the emerging time, business, people, resources and the market features also became complex due to which the leaders became competent to handle the situations efficiently. There are many competencies required in a 21st century leader so as to lead effectively which are discussed below: Visionary and strategic leader: He is the one who knows the way, shows the ways and goes the way. If the leader of the organization is visionary, which means he believes in creating objective for the organization and strongly upholding them so as to maximize the level of profits for the company. The vision of the company helps the management to build a path which they shall follow and achieve the goals defined by the organization. Without adequate vision, no organization can achieve growth and succeed in the target market. Vision gives the parameter to the organization on the basis of which they can compare their activities and attain leadership in the target market. Apart from being a visionary, the leader also needs to strategically capable to implement the vision and achieve them. Vision can only be achieved in the organization through strategies and their implementation. Thus, it is one of the most important competencies of a 21st century leader (O'Connell 2014). Good Communicator: communication is the key to a successful business in the global environment as it enhances the understanding between two people in the organization and thus enhances the work as well. There is numerous benefit of good communication in the workplace environment. Without communication, the leader of the organization will not be able to understand the issues of the employee nor will the team understand or co-operate with the leader in the organization. Thus, in order to initiate smooth flow of work, Norris (2017) states that the leader needs to initiate effective communication in the organization. Talking about the 21st century leader, he needs to be competent enough to understand the issues of the employees and resolve in such a manner that all the levels of management from top to bottom are satisfied. Further, the leader is the one with the help of which communication becomes efficient in the organization (Antonakis, and Day 2017). Proficient in technical and professional skills: in an organization, all the people seek advice from the leader before implementing any plan. The leader is the one person who develops a plan and initiates activities accordingly so as to gain the defined targets. Further, it shall be noted that in order to develop an action plan and implement them with their activities, a leader needs to have adequate knowledge and understanding of their work and duties. They can only fulfill their work if they have the technical and professional skills to carry out a plan innovatively (Stanley 2016). In this fast running world, people who do not use the updated and efficient technology are left behind, resulting to which it is important for the leader to use technical skills in the completion of the tasks. Informal relationships in the organization harm the professional working environment of the organization. With such environment the workers become lethargic and do not feel like working, thus it is the duty of the leader to develop professional environment so that more productivity is enhanced in the organization (Gibson 2017). Problem Solver: Organizations daily faces problem during their course of action, and if these problems are not resolved efficiently then they will arise again. Thus, the leader of the organization is the one who aims to solve all the problems related to workplace issues. The leader shall aim to solve the problems effectively so that the workings of the organization do not get stuck in the same issue again and again (Landy, and Conte 2016). Thus, effective problem solving techniques is one of the core competencies of the 21st century leader. Manage to the diversified workforce: Talking about the earlier times, it shall be noted that at that time business were small and the workforce also had limited scope of expansion due to which it was easy for the management to manage the workforce activities. But with the expanding businesses, the workplace management activities have also increased with the increase in workforce. In accordance to which the manager also need to implement authoritative human resource activities to manage them. Further nowadays more skills and competencies are present in human resource which the manager needs to fully utilize in order to gain profits for the organization (Martin, et. al., 2017). Thus in order to analyze and develop such competencies in human resource and make use of the efficiencies the manager needs to develop skills to manage diversified human resource. Apart from that large scale business also hire expatriate, so the leader need to strongly upload to cross-cultural training process s o that aim is achieved. Embracing innovation: In this competitive world in order to gain the competitive advantage, the leader needs to use their techniques in an innovative manner so as to differentiate from the crowd. In the competitive world, it is the need of every business to initiate their activities and present them in the global market in such a way that they easily gain the competitive edge and differentiate themselves in the global market. Innovation is the tool which shall be used with proper information, as it is a risky tool and create destructions as well. Thus, according to Harrison, (2017), the manager shall be competent enough to make use of the innovation and bring positive outcomes for the organization. Maintaining ethical responsibility: Being a leader of the 21st century, it is their duty and utmost responsibility to initiate activities for the betterment of the environment along with their business. So, for that, the leaders initiate activities in their organization so that their corporate social responsibilities are also fulfilled. The objective of organizational leaders is to work together and grow together as well. Theories to consider under contemporary approach of leadership Attribution theory: this theory suggests that the leaders judgment about their team members is highly influenced by their attribution of cause of the employees. The model explains two facets that are, attribution of leader and their reaction on the meager performance by subordinates; and the attribution of the observer and their reaction on the poor performance by the leader. Charismatic leadership: Weber states that charismatic leader is the one who states the missions and goals in accordance with the personal interest of the team members as well. This type of leadership explained by Dreachslin et. al., (2017) states that the trust of the followers on their leader; they believe that their leader has extraordinary qualities in the guidance of which they achieve their targets in the business process. Transactional leadership: Such leaders maintain a formal relationship with their team members. The leader-follower relationship helps the organization to easily achieve their targets. As this type of leadership punishes the employees on mistakes and use a strict code of conduct with offering reward as well due to which non-performance and non-compliance are properly market and focused. Transactional leadership is usually influential because it is regarded as the best interest of the team members to what the leader asks for (Crossan, et. al., 2017). Transformation leadership: this type of theory leads the employees of the company by aligning their personal goals with the goals of the organization. This will help the organization to achieve collective success. Also due to this type of leadership the employees morale boost up as they aim to achieve their personal target due to which goals of the organization is also achieved. There are four tools used by the transformational leader which are charisma, individuality, inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation (Nawaz, and Khan 2016). Similarities and differences with classical leadership capabilities The meaning of leadership and its outcomes will never change, change will occur only in the process of leadership that is in their approaches. So, the fact shall be noted is that only the process to apply leadership in the organization changes not the objective for initiation changes. As mentioned above with the emerging environment, it becomes the need of the leader to implement their activities sustainably in complex conditions also. 21st century leadership explains that the leader shall look after the interest of employees and the organization as well and then implement plans innovatively so as to achieve the target (Hays et al., 2012). Further, the theories related to this concept are discussed below: Trait Theories: this theory is similar to the Great Man theories of leadership. This type of theory believes that the leaders are born with some similar general traits inherited in them which help them initiating the leadership activities in the business or personal life. The theory states that the entire well-known leaders possess the same type of traits in their nature (Kourdi and Bibb 2007). These are those traits which differentiate a leader from rest of the crowd in the world. Further, some these traits are : Positive energy confidence honesty and integrity good communication skills Charisma creativity Motivator skilled and qualified Behavioral Theories: This approach of leadership states that the leadership signs which a leader possesses are not the characteristics or their traits, instead it is their behavior. Further, according to Nahavandi, (2016) it shall be said that strong leadership is an outcome of effective behavior. Basically, according to this approach, the leader uses three main skills to lead their team which are human, technical and conceptual. Human refers to the skills and abilities involved which helps the leader to interact and share their views, further technical refers to the knowledge of the leader towards the work and their technical abilities as well; lastly conceptual refers to the idea and strategies of the leader which helps them to create and implement plans and actions. This approach of leadership states that is the behavior of the leader will help them to accomplish their goals whereas vice versa would discard them from the market. According to Isaccon (2012) Determination, effective communication, motivation, team spirit etc. are some of the functional behaviors which the leader shall possess in order to become successful. Situational Theories: this theory states that the leadership in an organization is affected by the situation from which the leader arises and circumstances in which they work. Further, it can be stated as situational leadership is practiced according to the situation present in the environment, the leader works according to condition of the external and external market. In this method, the leader identifies the requirements of their team members and regulates methods which help the followers to fulfill their wants. Further, the situational theory states that there is no particular style or approach to leadership but they highly depend on situations and change accordingly. Lastly, it shall be noted that according to Gunn (2009) all type of leadership is right and justifiable, but the 21st century leadership only states that the leader shall inherit skills and follow them in accordance to the market and workplace conditions. Causes of changes to leadership competencies Globalization: globalization gives a wider arena to organizations to compete with each other. Globalization influences complexities in the market due to which organizations loses it pace in environment. So, the best manager is the one who helps the team to move in the right direction even after facing complexities in the environments (Lounsbury et. al., 2016). Advancement in technology: with increasing technology, organizations are growing and gain competence, but it is becoming difficult manage such technologies, on the initial level companies adopt hi-tech technology but later it becomes difficult for them to make use of it effectively which results in destruction. Thus, in order to manger the workings of the organization, it became the need for the leader to develop competent skills and knowledge and excel in the market. Increase in competition: with the increase in competition, it has become difficult for organizations to sustain in the environment with regular business model. Resulting to which, it is the duty of the managers to initiate innovative activities in organization so as to cut competition and gain an identified image in the market (Davis 2013). Critical analysis the academic research on 21st century leadership Hays and Christoper (2012) state that 21st century leader should be the one who builds relationship in the social environment and develop understanding capabilities in team. The leaders need to encourage the staff and other members and initiate collaboration of all the activities towards achievement of goals of the organization. Guns (2009) expressed that transformational leadership helps in creating a contemporary external environment for the organization. It is important to make transformational changes and use innovations to develop extraordinary output for the company. Shared leadership is a concept on which Crevani et al. (2007) state that this concept of shared leadership alters the post-heroic era evolution with the collective development process of individuals. Further Greer (2013) gave a view that leadership should always be flexible and mold them according to the changing market conditions. Conclusion Thus in the limelight of above mentioned events, it shall be noted that 21st century leadership is not any style or approach to initiate leadership in the organization but it only expresses the ways in which an organization can achieve success with the help of possessing right competence and skills in the right situation. Further many literatures have been derived from 21st century leadership which talks about different ways of implementing leadership in the organization. The above mentioned task successfully delivers all the details about the 21t century leadership. References Antonakis, J. and Day, D.V. eds., 2017.The nature of leadership. Sage publications. Arroliga, A.C., Huber, C., Myers, J.D., Dieckert, J.P. and Wesson, D., 2014. Leadership in health care for the 21st century: challenges and opportunities.The American journal of medicine,127(3), pp.246-249. Crossan, M.M., Byrne, A., Seijts, G.H., Reno, M., Monzani, L. and Gandz, J., 2017. Toward a framework of leader character in organizations.Journal of Management Studies. Davis. R., 2013. Leading through uncertainty. Viewed on November 21, 2017 from https://books.google.lk Dreachslin, J.L., Weech-Maldonado, R., Gail, J., Epan, J.P. and Wainio, J.A., 2017. Blueprint for Sustainable Change in Diversity Management and Cultural Competence: Lessons From the National Center for Healthcare Leadership Diversity Demonstration Project.Journal of Healthcare Management,62(3), pp.171-183. Gibson, P.K., 2017. Workforce Education Leadership in the Twenty-First Century. InEncyclopedia of Strategic Leadership and Management(pp. 718-727). IGI Global. Gunn. A., 2009. The Audacity of Leadership Viewed on November 21, 2017 from https://books.google.lk// Harrison, A.E., 2017. Exploring Millennial Leadership Development: An Evidence Assessment of Information Communication Technology and Reverse Mentoring Competencies.Case Studies in Business and Management,4(1), p.25. Hays et al., 2012. Transforming leadership for the 21st Century. Viewed on November 21, 2017 from https://books.google.lk/ Isaccon. W., 2012. The real leadership lessons of SteveJobs Viewed on November 21, 2017 from https://hbr.org/2012/04/the-real-leadership-lessons-of-steve-jobs Kourdi and Bibb., 2007. AQuestion of Trust: The Crucial Nature of Trust in Business, Work Life -and How toBuild It. Viewed on November 21, 2017 fromsallybibb.com/my-books/a-question-of-trust/ Landy, F.J. and Conte, J.M., 2016.Work in the 21st Century, Binder Ready Version: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology. John Wiley Sons. Lounsbury, J.W., Sundstrom, E.D., Gibson, L.W., Loveland, J.M. and Drost, A.W., 2016. Core personality traits of managers.Journal of Managerial Psychology,31(2), pp.434-450. Martin, B., Breunig, M., Wagstaff, M. and Goldenberg, M., 2017.Outdoor leadership. Human Kinetics. Melcher, M.L., Greco, R.S., Krummel, T.M., Morris, A.M. and Hawn, M.T., 2017. Preparation for the Diversity of 21st Century Surgical Leadership Opportunities Demands Diverse Opportunities for" Professional Development".Annals of Surgery. Nahavandi, A., 2016.The Art and Science of Leadership -Global Edition. Pearson. Nawaz, Z.A.K.D.A. and Khan_PhD, I., 2016. Leadership Theories and Styles: A Literature Review.Leadership,16. Norris, S.E., 2017. What Motivates an Individual to Lead and Engage in Leadership Development?. InEncyclopedia of Strategic Leadership and Management(pp. 696-706). IGI Global. O'Connell, P.K., 2014. A simplified framework for 21st century leader development.The Leadership Quarterly,25(2), pp.183-203. Stanley, D., 2016. Leadership Theories and Styles.Clinical Leadership in Nursing and Healthcare: Values into Action, pp.25-46.

My Work Experience Diary Essay Example

My Work Experience Diary Essay It was my first day of work experience, (I worked at the Morrisons head office at the Cutler Heights Division) I woke up at 8:00a. m, and I got ready and went downstairs and ate breakfast. I went to my work experience with my brother in his car, I got there on time, I was nervous and thought it was going to be boring but it was quite interesting really. I went inside and the receptionist told me to sit down while she called someone. A man named Mike came and took me into the administration department and into his office. (He was the company accountant). He told me all about the company and what it does and what I was going to do. I had my own desk with a computer. I started off with some filing and later on I did some production orders on the computer. There were 7 people in the same as room as me. They were friendly and kind to me. I finished at approximately 3:00, the senior clerk (whose name was Angela) told me I had done a good job and I could go home. I was working next to a motorway and had to go through tunnels to get to the bus stop. At first I couldnt find the bus stop but after ten minutes I found it and had to wait for about five minutes before the bus came. We will write a custom essay sample on My Work Experience Diary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on My Work Experience Diary specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on My Work Experience Diary specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I got on and I found out that the bus was going the other way from which I came in the morning, but I thought he might be going another way so I sat down. I was worried I might be going somewhere else so I thought I should ask him, when I asked him he told me Huddersfield. I told him to let me off at the next bus stop and asked him where the bus stop to Bradford was. He told me and I got off and I had to walk quite a long way back, but I found the bus stop straight way and got on, this time I asked the bus driver where the bus was going and he told me Bradford. I was relieved, I sat down and got home fifteen twenty minutes later. The next day, I woke up earlier because I had to go on the bus. I didnt want to go because I was tired but I managed to get up and get ready. I got at my workplace on time. I went to my desk and sat down and waited for the Angela to come and tell me what work I should do. I started off doing some lot number accounting that was just sorting out some lot numbers. I did that for most of the day and did some typing on the computer later on; I was bored to death and shattered at the end of the day. I went straight home and went to sleep for a few hours. The next few days were the same, I felt like not coming but I thought I might as well. On the last day of the first week the manager Karen asked me, how I was settling in and if I liked the work or not. I said, Its alright. I was happy at the end of the day when I went home so I could go home and relax. The next week on Monday, I wasnt feeling too well, so I decided not to go, so I stayed at home and watched TV and played on my computer. II phoned and told my manager that I wasnt coming in and she said it was fine and told me that she hoped I would be better tomorrow. The next two days I went to work and did similar work on both days, which were typing, and some filing. On Thursday I went quite late because I overslept and Angela was talking to Karen, when I went in I was a bit nervous because I thought she might ask me why I came late but when I went in Angela looked at her watch and gave Karen a glance to tell her that I was late but Karen didnt notice her. She just came over and gave me some paper to sort out. Later on when everyone had gone to lunch, Angela came to me and asked me why I came late, I told her that I overslept and I apologized to her. She said if this was a real job, the manager wouldve given me a warning and some bosses may even throw me out. The rest of the day I did some production orders and went home before 3:00 because everyone was finishing early so I got home early. The next day I made sure I went in early and they were all working when I went in, I went to the desk and started doing the work that was already on the desk. At break everyone went to get a snack from the canteen but I was fasting so I had to stay. Karen asked me how Id liked the job and I said it was very good. I did some filing and accounting and finished at 3:00 and said goodbye to everyone and I left and took one last look at the Morrisons Company and left smiling.

Federalism Essay essays

Federalism Essay essays Federalism is a political system comprised of several local units of government and one national government that can both make decisions with respect to at least some governmental activities and whose existence is specially protected. Sovereignty is shared so that on some matters the national government is supreme, and on some matters the state governments are supreme. But in the last twenty-five years, the increase of federal mandates on state and local governments has shifted the balance of power between national and state governments. The national government is beginning to have more control over the states actions. Federal mandates are rules imposed by the federal government on the states as conditions for obtaining federal grants or requirements that the states pay the costs of certain nationally defined programs. Unfunded federal mandates usually concern civil rights or the environment. Since the 1970s, the number of federal mandates imposed by Congress and the courts have greatly increased. As more mandates are created by Congress, the national government gains more control over the state governments. The states follow the conditions laid out in the mandates so that they will be eligible to receive money in the form of federal grants. Therefore, the national government is becoming more powerful and the state and local governments are becoming more dependent on and in some ways, subservient to it. One recently enacted mandate is the Americans with Disabilities Act, which was enacted in 1990. It requires businesses and state and local governments to provide the disabled with equal access to services, employment, buildings, and transportation. The objective of this mandate was to give disabled persons equal opportunities and services, and remove any discrimination. Fiscally, this act has created another burden for state and local governments. Local governments are now responsible for making sure that ...

Homeland Securtiy. Post-Mortem of the US Governments Response to the Essay

Homeland Securtiy. Post-Mortem of the US Governments Response to the Times Square Cesium Terrorist - Essay Example On the day of the attack, Times Square had its normal amount of visitors and wind conditions were calm. Immediately after the attack, NYPD and NYFD were quick to respond, but later crisis and radiation management efforts by the EPA were slow and hindered rescue efforts. Abstract This memo was created as the result of a post-hoc examination of the Times Square cesium terrorist attack. It aims to highlight the significance of long- and short-term fatalities, cost of property damage, and loss of public confidence in safety as outcomes of radiological attacks; and because of this significance, uses these outcomes to measure the relative success of the federal government’s response to this attack. Furthermore, this memo attempts to highlight areas that could have been improved before the attack to prevent this level of devastation, including better management of existing resources, better protection of existing radiological supplies, and a better understanding of the nuclear terrorist threat. Lastly, this memo aims to highlight the previously unexpected outcome of wind to show the effect confounding variables can have on the federal, state, and local governments’ responses to crises like this. ... Kelly stated that, â€Å"The Committee will undoubtedly agree that the danger presented by modest radiological sources that are comparatively easy to obtain is significant,† (Kelly 2002). In his article â€Å"Nuclear Terrorism Reconsidered†, Gavin Cameron offers an explanation of a terrorist’s motivation to use these weapons by saying, â€Å"The technical feasibility of radiological terrorism make it by far the most likely form of nuclear weapon. [†¦] Radiological weapons would, like nuclear-yield weapons, set a group apart and take its terrorism to a different level† (Cameron 1999). In this quote, Cameron shows why radiological terrorism remains such an appealing style of attack for many terrorists: this type of attack instills the same public fear as a nuclear attack yet is much more technologically in-reach for many terrorist groups. There are several factors that contribute to the effectiveness of a radiological terrorist device. Among these are à ¢â‚¬Å"the amount of material released, the nature of the material, the details of the device that distributes the material, the direction and speed of the wind, other weather conditions, the size of the particles released, [†¦] and the location and size of buildings near the release site† (Kelly 2002). All of these variables are important in the process of assessing the damage caused by an attack and potential evacuation and decontamination plans. Because of these uncertainties, estimations of the impact of such a weapon are extremely inaccurate and difficult to interpret. Outcomes Fatalities Fatalities are the most obvious measureable outcome of a radiological terrorist attack, yet may not be the most informative in this attack. In a radiological attack, fatalities must be divided into short-term and long-term fatalities.

INTRODUCTION of FRIEDEL-CRAFTS ACYLATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

INTRODUCTION of FRIEDEL-CRAFTS ACYLATION - Essay Example e clemmensen reduction route normally hinders secondary alkyl substitution that results from corresponding carbocation on rearrangement (Klein, 195-269). Nevertheless, in direct alkylation, the underlying ratio of the primary to secondary alkyl substitution can differ depending on the existing aromatic substrate and reaction conditions. Acyl halide first reacts with the underlying Lewis acid resulting to formation of more electrophilic C, an acylium ion. The n-electrons of the underlying aromatic C=C which act as nucleophile then attack the electrophilic C+ thereby destroying aromaticity resulting to the cyclohexadienyl cation intermediate. Finally proton is removed from sp3 C bearing the acyl-group reforms the corresponding C=C and the required aromatic system resulting to the creation of HCl and regeneration of the active catalyst. The reaction commence with the generation of methyl carbonation from the corresponding methyl bromide. Carbonation then reacts with underlying n electron system of the benzene in order to form a nonaromatic carbocation that subsequently loses a proton to in order to regenerate aromaticity of the system (Klein, 53-134). The reaction takes place in steps with an electrophile formation via reaction of the methylchlorine and aluminium

Feasibility Study Essay Example for Free

Feasibility Study Essay Fast food chains have grown at an incredible rate over the past couple of decades. There seems to be a McDonalds or Burger King on every street corner. Fast food offers people in a rush an inexpensive way to grab food whenever they want. In the United States, fast food restaurants accounts for 46.7% of the total food service industry while sit-down restaurants have 39.3% (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2009). This forces sit-down restaurants to target a different market, people that are looking for pleasure and a relaxing experience. The food services industry is considered to be the most known industry in the world. Sitdown restaurants typically offer full menus, which include appetizers, entrees, sides, desserts, and all types of beverages including alcohol. Most restaurants will have a host or hostess that will greet a person as they walk in and show them to the table that they will be sitting at for the duration of their meal. Sit-down restaurants typically will have trained chefs to cook and prepare the meals and servers that will completely take care of any needs that there will be while eating at the restaurant (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2009). It is important to have honest and hard working servers at a sit-down restaurant to ensure that people will have an enjoyable time at their establishment. If a restaurant has a unique reputation then the customers will come back time after time. For a restaurant to have a loyal customer group, it must be able to serve the customers with high quality food and service. The restaurant must also have different things that differentiate itself from other sit-down restaurants. Instead of just getting a bite to eat at a fast food chain, a person can go to a restaurant and enjoy him or herself with family and friends for an extended amount of time. The restaurant experience should become a form of entertainment for the customers. Some restaurants also offer a bar, which fast food chains do not. At a bar, people can come in and drink a few beers while watching a sports game on television. At night, the bar area can become a place for people to relax or enjoy themselves with some dancing. Many college age people like to spend a little time at a bar to relieve stress and to dance. With two colleges in the area and an increase of tourism within the past decade, Tacloban City would be a logical place to open a new restaurant. Tacloban is a city in Leyte and has been revamping its image to attract more people to the downtown area. The city has been growing in population with many new housing tracks recently built along with those under construction. The city is considered a beach town with many people visiting the beach every spring and summer. There is also a large amount of foot traffic in the downtown area as well as near the mall and the major schools. The problem with opening a new restaurant is being able to establish the business, while differentiating itself from others. A restaurant should be in a recognizable area which can be used as a landmark. In order to do so, the restaurant must find a theme and a strong following of customers. With the right marketing, good service, good management and strong financial information, a new restaurant can be a great business to start up. In order to open a restaurant, the owner should know the consumer characteristics of the area. For a restaurant to do well there must be people willing to spend money. That is why knowing the area’s workforce is important. Ventura has a strong work force with only 4.5% of the population being unemployed who are over the age 16. The city’s largest work industry is educational services, health care and social assistance which is at 21%, followed by professional, scientific, management, administrative and waste management services at 12.3%, retail trade at 11.8%, arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation and food services at 10.1% and manufacturing at 7.8%. Some of the most prominent occupations of people that live in Tacloban City are management, professional, and related occupations at 38.8%, sales and office occupations at 25.7% and service occupations at 17.2% (U.S. Census, 2009) Problem Statement * Is opening a sit-down restaurant in downtown Ventura feasible? Hypotheses A new restaurant in downtown Ventura will have a demand of at least 50% of the people surveyed. The new restaurant also will be able to cover its everyday operating expenses as well as its start-up cost while still making a profit. Objectives 1. To assess the feasibility of a sit-down restaurant in Ventura. 2. To conduct a survey to determine the interest of a new restaurant. 3. To determine the target market for a new restaurant. Justification A feasibility study for a sit-down restaurant in Tacloban City will be beneficial to anyone who would like to open a sit-down restaurant in downtown Tacloban City, as well as Palo due to the similar demographics throughout Tacloban City. The study will also be helpful to anyone who would like to open a fast food restaurant in the area because of the analysis of the desirability of the location of the new restaurant. The analysis of the amount of people that go downtown in Tacloban City will be able help other entrepreneurs that plan on opening a small business because the study will give them the knowledge of how many people go downtown on a regular basis which can give them an idea of how many potential customers they may have. This study will also help people planning to open a restaurant in an area with similar demographics as Tacloban City. II. MARKETING STUDY LITERATURE REVIEW Competition Analysis Opening a restaurant takes a lot of time and effort to be successful. One of the most important things to know when assessing the target market for a restaurant is who the competition is. The competition can range from fast food chains all the way to a high-class sitdown restaurant. Many people are in a rush at times or are too tired to cook for the family after work, which drives them to dine out. These people then have to decide if they want inexpensive fast food or go to a sit-down restaurant to be serviced. That is why it is so important for restaurant owner to know who the target market is. Fast food restaurants target people in a hurry and that want an inexpensive meal, while sit-down restaurants target people that are there to take their time and be provided with good service (Brown, 1990). When assessing the competition Debruyne and Reibstein (2005) found it is important to know the technology and services that the competition has so that a company can keep up with them. Debruyne and Reibstein (2005) also went on to say that companies should consider approaches to avoid attracting competition to a new market. That is why having employees that can be trusted with company secrets is very important. Analysis of Potential Profit There are many things that need to be taken into consideration when projecting a company’s potential income. The location of a restaurant can have a large effect on the amount of income that a restaurant obtains, which is why finding a good location for a restaurant is important (Coats, 1986). The better the location, the more people will know about it and want to stop in. Having a restaurant in a place where foot traffic is heavy can be beneficial to the restaurants success because people walking down the street could see the restaurant and decide to stop in and eat. In order to see how much money could be made, a business should develop projected financial statements so they can see how much the business would cost to run the restaurant (Newman, 2008). Besides projecting income and expenses, there are many other things that a restaurant owner should take into consideration when trying to figure out if the restaurant will be profitable. Sweasey (1987) found a restaurant had a better chance of being profitable if it has a creative menu. This is very important for a sit-down restaurant because potential customers could order food from a well-known place like Domino’s Pizza, or a McDonalds. The key to success would be to offer many different types of food that would be unique to a particular restaurant. Another thing that indirectly affects a restaurants potential income is the relationship that the employees have with their managers (Davis, Schoorman, Mayer and Tan, 2000). Their study found that trust between management and employees can affect the restaurant financially because employees are willing to work harder for a manager that they can trust. A restaurants profit can also be affected by inventory control. Archibald, Betts, Johnston and Thomas (2002) stated that for a new business to survive it should be conservative with their inventory. This is very important with restaurants because there are many types of foods and ingredients that can go bad if not used in a short amount of time, which causes the restaurant to lose money from having to waste their inventory. The price of items on the menu is also very important according to Becker (1991). He found if prices of food are too high then customers will feel that they are being treated unfairly, which will keep them from coming back to the restaurant. It is important for a restaurant to have consistent customers because they will help bring in new business by telling others how good the restaurant is. THE MARKET City of Tacloban People that know the area and the interest of the people in the area tend to have more success operating a restaurant than people that do not know the area. Tacloban City is continually growing with new housing tracks recently built and some currently being constructed. The city is also rising in popularity and marketing towards becoming a tourist destination. Tacloban City has 3 large high schools and a junior college. Tacloban City restaurants also receive business from Channel Island students who live on campus and near campus that just want to get away from their area and eat somewhere nice. Tacloban City also attracts people to its downtown area with many places to shop and eat. Downtown seems to be a good location for a new restaurant because of the heavy foot traffic throughout the week. The city also has a shopping mall near downtown, which attracts even more people to the area. Tacloban City is known as a beach town as well, which helps bring more tourists to the city. A restaurant near the beach could be a good location assuming that people will see the restaurant on the way to the beach. III. TECHNICAL STUDY METHODOLOGY Procedures for Data Collection To determine if a restaurant will be feasible, a projected income statement must be made to figure out if expenses will be covered and if profits can be made. This will be done by going to different restaurants and talking to the owners and managers about the financial aspects of the restaurant along with how to run the operation smoothly. If the owners decide not to provide the financial information needed, then research online for standard restaurant financials will be collected. There will also be a survey made to determine Tacloban City demographics, and personal interests. The survey will be given out at random at mostly downtown Ventura. Two other places that the survey will be given out is at Leyte Normal University and Eastern Visayas State University. The survey will be administered for about four hours at each location The survey will also provide information about the type of food that should be on the menu and finding out if people would rather go to a dive bar or dance club at night. The survey can also be used to determine what type of theme the restaurant should have. One other thing that will be used from the surveys is to determine the target market so that the restaurant can be marketed to those that would be most likely to try the new sit-down restaurant in Tacloban City. Procedure for Data Analysis When the financial information is obtained, the data will be analyzed and provide projected numbers for a new sit-down restaurant.Once the projected financial statements are made, there will be several tests to see if the restaurant will survive and be profitable. Once the survey is completed, the information will be analyzed in SPSS. Using the information from the collection of data will create a better understanding of the restaurant market in downtown Tacloban City. The analysis should show an accurate description of the individuals who represent the population of Ventura. The data will show the people that like to go downtown, what age groups there are, their education level and income level. The data from the surveys should be able to show who the target market is for restaurants in downtown Ventura. Overall, the information that is obtained from the survey should be able to show an accurate target market and interest for a new restaurant in Tacloban City. Assumptions This study assumes that Tacloban City economy will remain stable and the growth rate of the city will remain consistent. The study also assumes that the observations conducted will be an accurate measurement of the desirability of restaurants in Tacloban City. Limitations The study that was conducted will be helpful to other cities in Leyte, but the actual analysis of the target market will be solely for Tacloban City due to the unique demographics of the city. IV. FINANCIAL STUDY DEVELPOMENT OF STUDY Surveys can be a great tool to find out information from consumers. They can show the interest of the people, who the target market is and the demographics of the area. The survey was distributed mostly in downtown Ventura do to the heavy foot traffic of the area as well as the potential location of the new restaurant. 118 responses were collected and then analyzed in SPSS. The following charts and analysis will show the results of the survey conducted. The first question asked how many times a month a person eats at a restaurant. It is important to know how often people like to eat at a sit-down restaurant because the people that go out to eat often will be more likely to actually try a new eating establishment. The majority of responses were 1-3 times a month at 36% and 4-7 times a month at 32%. Only about 2% of the responses said that they never eat at a restaurant. The next question asked how often the individual went to the downtown area of Tacloban City? Knowing how often people go downtown is essential because the more foot traffic an area has the more likely someone is willing to stop in and check out a new business. The largest response was 0-3 times a month; however 52% of surveyees said that they do go downtown at least 4 times in a month. On average, how many times each month do you eat at a sit-down restaurant? When the respondents were asked what their favorite restaurant in Ventura was, 35% of the respondents answered Aloha Steak House and 25% said Andrias Seafood Restaurant. When asked how likely the respondent would be to try a new sit-down restaurant in Ventura, 32% said they would certainly try it and 52% said that there was a good possibility they would try a new eating establishment. Only 2% of the respondents said that they would not be willing to try the restaurant out. People willing to try a new restaurant are the most important people to market towards. These individuals can become loyal customers and even help thebusiness out by telling others about the restaurant. What is you favorite restaurant in Ventura? The next question asked how many people lived in their current household. This response was spread out with the three largest responses being four people at 25%, three people at 22% and two people at 21%. People tend to eat in groups, whether it’s with family, friends, roommates or even co-workers. Most people are likely to bring members of their household with them while eating at a restaurant, which increases sales. This information can help when determining whom the target market will could be. This next question asked how desirable the social atmosphere, reasonable prices, variety of food, time food takes to be ready and service at a restaurant or bar is.? The averages were 3.93 for social atmosphere, 4.3 for reasonable prices, 3.84 for variety of food, 3.87 for time food takes to be ready and 4.5 for service. These attributes are important to know in order to have the right type of atmosphere, employees and management style needed for the establishment to succeed. When the people surveyed were asked what publications they read at least once a week? 59% said that they preferred to read the Philippine Daily Star. This information is critical when deciding where to advertise. Establishing a new business’s name is one of most difficult things to do, which is why knowing where reach the public to advertise is important. The next question asked the type of music the respondents liked to listen to? Rock and roll had the highest response and next was hip-hop and rap with 54% with 37%, respectively. Knowing the type of music people prefer to listen to can help when advertising by having announcements on radio stations with that type of music. The type of music the surveyees like to listen to can also be helpful when determining the music that will be played at night in the bar area of the restaurant. The next question asked if people would rather go to a dive bar or dance club at night. Over 60% said they would rather go to a dive type of bar atmosphere that consumers like at night is important for a restaurant owner to know. This will help drive in more customers at night, which may increase the amount of sales. Knowing the type of bar atmosphere that consumers like at night is important for a restaurant owner to know. This will help drive in more customers at night, which may increase the amount of sales. The following question asked the individuals where they would most like to see another restaurant. 47% said that they would like to see a new restaurant downtown with 35% saying Main Street would be the best location in the downtown area. The next two places people would like to see a restaurant open at would be near Century theaters or near LNU which were both at 20%. The location of the restaurant is vital to its success. Location of new restaurant People want to eat where they often are at on a regular basis. Many people go downtown, and Main Street is the street with the most traffic of people. The place with a lot of foot traffic will not only be a great place for the shoppers that want to eat, but also employees of other businesses that need to eat something on their break. Knowing people also would like to see a restaurant near Century Theaters and LNU can be helpful if the restaurant owner ever wanted to expand and open up a new location. Further analysis was conducted using crosstabs in SPSS. Critical questions where compared to other questions to reveal specific behaviors of potential restaurant customers. This analysis can give a more precise showing of the preferences and atmosphere of restaurant people are willing to try.The most useful information from these tests were discovering the respondent’s preferences who responded that they would certainly or have a good possibility of trying a new restaurant in Tacl oban City. The following crosstabs used in the analysis of the survey are significantly valid using chi-squared testing. Of the people who indicated they would be likely to try the new restaurant, 80% said they eat at a restaurant 1-3 or 4-7 times a month. Of the 15% of respondents that said they go to a restaurant 12-15 and 16-20 times a month, 89% of them said that they were likely to try a new restaurant in Tacloban City (P = .027). When comparing people that like American food to people that like ethnic food, 79% of people that like American food said they would like to see a dive bar over a dance club (P = .035). Due to the individuals’ preference of a dive bar over a dance club, traditional American food would be an excellent choice of food for the menu. The menu should also be broad and have a bit of variety to it in order to attract more customers. This is why the menu should also include Mexican and Italian entries due to the high preference according to the survey results. Although not many surveyees reported that they were in the downtown area often, 81% of them still responded they would like to try a new restaurant in Ventura (P = .077). These people may not go down town on a regular basis, but they can still be a great resource to advertise by word of mouth. They may eventually try the place out and then tell their friends and family about the business. Although not significant valid, as far as gender goes, 80% of men that were surveyed said that they would be likely to try a new restaurant establishment and 86% of women said that they would (P = .433). This information can be useful in determining the target market for the new restaurant. When examining the survey results to help determine the target market of a newrestaurant in Ventura the following results were found. When comparing males and females, females make up the majority of respondents who make $60,000 to $80,000 (69%) and over $80,000 (51%) (P=.787). When looking at how many people live in the household for women the highest response were two people with the next being five people in the household (P=.177). These results were close to the target market that MRI, Inc had in their database, which will be discussed in the following chapter. A projected income statement can be helpful when trying to determine if the restaurant has the ability to be successful. The income statement can also be used to help run the business properly and help the owners and managers be efficient at their job. The following income statement in Table 1 was based off Food Service Warehouse’s (2006) website of a sample restaurant’s income statement for a week in Greenwood Village, CO. All numbers were then multiplied 52 to give the financial information for the year as a whole. This information was ad justed using the rent as a base number to determine the rest of the expenses as well as the revenue. Rent typically goes for $2 a square foot in downtown Ventura. An efficient restaurant size of 4,000 square feet was used to determine that rent would cost $96,000 a year. Further adjustments were made to incorporate the start-up cost of a restaurant, which is in the range of $300,000 to $500,000 (Rainsford and Bangs, 2001). The number used in this study was $300,000. After the first year was constructed, the revenues and expenses where increased by 2% due to inflation for the next two projected years. Changes in the income statement that are not held in consistency with the example income statement given were the equipment and repairs expense for the first year which includes the start-up cost along with a $5,000 projected repairs expense. The next year only included the repair expense with respect to the number used for inflation. To determine the interest expense, an amortization schedule in Table 2 was made based on a five year, $300,000 loan with a 7% interest rate for the start-up cost of the company. Advertising and promotions expense where also added to the income statement do help promote the restaurant’s name, which is essential in the first few years of operation. A depreciation expense was added in to account for equipment and supplies. The depreciation expense was 28calculated by using the straight-line method for five years on the $165,920 for equipment and supplies. The number used for depreciable assets was calculated by taking the initial start-up cost and then subtracting any items that are not depreciable. A miscellaneous expense of $1,000 was also added in case of unforeseen costs that may occur throughout the year. A break-even analysis in Table 3 was then performed to determine how many meals would have to be sold to cover expense. The unit price was based on an average projected meal cost of $11 for the first year and then adding in inflation rates for the next two years. The number of meals that would need to be sold for the first three years to break-even would be 70,403, 42,770 and 42,416, respectively. 29 Income Statement Projected Income Statement Sales| Year 1| Year 2| Year 3| Food| 483, 487| 485, 166| 505, 028| Wine| 70, 668| 72, 081| 73, 523| Liquor| 58,488| 60, 678| 61, 871| Beer| 126, 464| 128, 88| 131, 573| Beverages| 3,744| 3, 817| 3, 875| Total Sales| 742,860| 758, 737| 773, 812| Summary The data that was collected and analyzed from the 118 surveys collected proves the hypothesis to be correct by showing that people have a strong interest of trying a new restaurant Tacloban City. The hypothesis was also proven to be accurate through the projected income statement by showing that after the first year, the restaurant would start making a profit with the following years increasing in net income. The desirability of a new eating establishment by the people of Tacloban City appears to be high with 84% replying they would be likely try out a new restaurant. People who responded to the survey said service is the most important attribute of a restaurant which means the time of day staffing is most important would be from 11:00am to 2:00pm for lunch and 5:30pm to 8:00pm for dinner. The days of the week that more staff then usual would be needed is on Saturdays and Sundays due to the large amount of people that like to eat at restaurants and go downtown on these days. The target market for the restaurant according to MRI, Inc (2010) which was close to the results of the survey analysis are Caucasian women, who have attended or graduated from college, 25 to 54 years old who are employed full time in sales and office occupations or professional and related occupations, with an income of $80,000 or more and three to four people living in the household. Conclusions The best type of restaurant in respect to the results of the analysis would be a traditional American food restaurant with a section of the menu being dedicated to ethnic food mainly including Mexican and Italian food. The type of bar the restaurant should have at night should be a dive bar with a mixture of rock and roll, hip-hop and rap playing in the background. The average price for a meal should be around $11. The location of the restaurant should be downtown and preferably on Main Street nearplaces to shop. Possible places to expand would be near Ventura College or by Century Theatres. The best way to advertise for the bar would be running ads in the Ventura County Start newspaper or on radio stations and internet radio stations that play rock and roll or hip-hop and rap. Recommendations This study shows that opening a new sit-down restaurant would be feasible in Tacloban City but further research of consumer trends of Tacloban City could be done to have a more accurate desirability of the restaurant market in Ventura. It would also help to have a strong background and work experience in the sit-down restaurant industry. Contacting and obtaining more financial information from restaurant owners or managers would also be helpful when conducting the financial analysis. Reference Cited Archibald, T.W., J.M. Betts, R.B. Johnston and L.C. Thomas. 2002. Should Start-up Companies Be Cautious? Inventory Policies Which Maximize Survival Probabilities. Management Science (48:9) September. pp. 1161-1174. Becker, Gary 1991. A Note on Restaurant Pricing and Other Examples of Social Influences on Price Journal of Political Economy (99:5) October. pp. 1109-1116. Brown, Douglas M. 1990. The Restaurant and Fast Food Race: Whos Winning? Southern Economic Journal (56:4) April. pp. 984-995. Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2009. Food Services and Drinking Places. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Web. 06 Feb. 2011. http://www.bls.gov/oco/cg/cgs023.htm. Carter, Michael. 1988 Detailed Findings of a Survey of or Society Membership-I: Structure, Education, Functions and Computers. The Journal of the Operational Research Society (39:7) July. pp. 643-652. Coats, Craig 1986. The Feasibility of an Assembly Line Restaurant in Santa Barbara, California. Unpublished Senior Project. California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. Project #86-0670. Davis, James, David Schoorman, Roger C. Mayer and Hewee Tan. 2000. The Trusted General Manager and Business Unit Performance: Empirical Evidence of a Competitive Advantage. Strategic Management Journal (21:5) October. pp. 563- 576. Debruyne, Marion and David J. Reibstein. 2005. Competitor See, Competitor Do: Incumbent Entry in New Market Niches Marketing Science (24:1) Winter. pp. 329-337. Food Service Warehouse. 2006. The Restaurant Profit and Loss (PL) Statement. Restaurant Supplies | FoodServiceWarehouse.com. Web. 06 Feb. 2011. http://www.foodservicewarehouse.com/education/restaurant-operations/profit- loss.aspx#_ednref1. MRI, Inc. 2010 Local Market 2010 Los Angles Sports and Leisure, Family Restaurants and Steak Houses February 2011. mriplus.com Newman, Anthonia. 2008. The Feasibility of Opening One More Restaurant/Bar in San Luis Obispo. Unpublished Senior Project. California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. Project #08-0654. Kalnins, Arturs and Kyle Mayer. 2004. Franchising, Ownership and Experience: A Study of Pizza Restaurant Survival. Management Science (50:12) December. pp. 1716-1728. 34 Kotler, Philip 1964. Marketing Mix Decisions for New Products Journal of Marketing Research (1:1) February. pp. 43-49. Rainsford, Peter, and David H. Bangs. 2001. The Restaurant Start-up Guide: a 12-month Plan for Successfully Starting a Restaurant. Chicago: Dearborn. pp. 65-107 Sweasey, Hal. 1987. The Feasibility of Opening a Small Mexican Food Restaurant in San Luis Obispo. Unpublished Senior Project. California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo. Project #87-1612. State of California, Department of Finance. 2010 E-1 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties and the State with Annual Percent Change January 1, 2009 and 2010. Sacramento: Department of Finance. pp. 10. U.S. Census Bureau. 2009. San Buenaventura (Ventura) City, California Fact Sheet. American FactFinder. Web. 06 Mar. 2011. http://factfinder.census.gov/ servlet/ ACSSAFFFacts?.

The Development of the Ideas Needed to Create an Atomic Bomb Essay

The Development of the Ideas Needed to Create an Atomic Bomb I. Introduction Where did the atomic bomb come from? In this paper, I will look at the development of the ideas needed to create an atomic bomb. Specifically, what did scientists need to know for them to theorize that a cataclysmic explosion would result when a critical mass of certain elements undergo a chain reaction of nuclear fission. However, I will only look at scientific ideas generally, as they progressed towards fission. This development of ideas was propelled by genius, persistence and tenacity, coupled with flashes of insight into the nature of the universe. We see that this development is tied closely to the ability to free the teathers of erroneous paradigms and build better models of the universe in their place. We will be concerned, principally, with the development of physics. Einstein wrote the following on the definition of physics: "What we call physics comprises that group of natural sciences which base their concepts on measurements; and whose concepts and propositions lend themselves to mathematical formulation." (Weaver, 78) Although physics today is more focused, this is the basis of all science. One of the first groups of people to freely think about the universe and make an attempt to explain their world scientifically were the Greeks. II. The Greek Ideology The Greek's investigation of science demonstrate that their minds were on par with the best of this era, specifically Aristotle (384 - 322 B.C.), who formed many brilliant theories. He, along with others, put the theories into sophisticated form that created the basis of scientific thought for close to two millennia. In his universe were four "elements": Earth, Water, Air, and Fire. The Earth was the common center of all the solid materials and had a natural place as the center of the universe. If all the solid material sought a location as close to the center as possible, then the Earth had to be a sphere. He had likewise ordered the other "elements" into spheres. Water had its natural place on the surface of the sphere Earth. Air had its natural place on the surface of the sphere Water. Fire had its natural place outside the sphere of Air. Observations corresponded to this view of the universe. However, he performed no experiments. He stated that heavier objects would want to move faster tow... ...tion to the Atomic Age", (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1991) Weart, Spencer R., "Nuclear Fear", (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Press, 1988) Weaver, Jefferson Hane, "The World of Physics", Vol 1 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bibliography Asimov, Issac, "The History of Physics", (New York: Walker and Company, 1983) Taylor, John R.; Zafiratos, Chris D.; "Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers", (Engelwood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1991) Sachs, Mendel, "Einstein Versus Bohr", (La Salle, Illinois: Open Court, 1988) Segre, Emilio, "From Falling Bodies to Radio Waves", (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1984) Segre, Emilio, "From X-rays to Quarks", (New York: W. H. Freeman and Company, 1980) Stoff, Michael B.; Fanton, Jonathan F.; Willans, R.; "The Manhattan Project: A Documentary Introduction to the Atomic Age", (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1991) Weart, Spencer R., "Nuclear Fear", (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Press, 1988) Weaver, Jefferson Hane, "The World of Physics", Vol 1 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1987)

Document Analysis The Marriage of the Virgin Essay

I have chosen The Marriage of the Virgin as a document analysis because I want to contrast this work with works of Perugino, especially Christ giving the Keys to St Peter (1481-1482) and also The Marriage of the Virgin (1500-1504). Raphael was commissioned to produce the work by the Albizzini family of Citta di Castello (scala 8) for the chapel of St Joseph in the Church of San Francesco. In comparison to the two works of Perugino the similarities are easily recognised. However although we can date Perugino’s earlier work between 1481and1482, his Marriage of the Virgin can only be dated from between 1500 and 1504. Raphael helpfully named himself and dated his work in the middle of the temple and so we know definitely it was finished in 1504, so although it would seem likely, one should be cautious to date Perugino’s Marriage of the Virgin earlier than Raphael’s. In 1504 Raphael was twenty one years old and was still an apprentice in the school of Perugino,and he executed it prior to his stay in Florence, and so it is natural to assume his work was still greatly influenced by his master. The painting has significant parallels with the Christ giving the Keys to St Peter in the Sistine Chapel. As in the earlier fresco, Raphael uses the same structural format. The pavilion is the dominating central focus which gives the depth of the scene in relation to the figures of the foreground. The figures between the pavilion and the frontal scene is proportional in size  and shows Raphael’s confidence in the use of perspective. The landscape shows the influence of Perugino, the viewer may get a sense of tranquility and stillness which one may also associate with the actual landscapes of Umbria, and speaking from experience I certainly did. When looking in detail at the figures in the foreground one can see the influence of Perugino within the faces of the characters. The faces of the ladies and indeed the men either side of the Joseph and Mary all have the serene, graceful and introspective qualities one would associate with Perugino. The ladies with their small mouths seem hard to differentiate from Perugino’s own figures.From these similarities it may be said that at this time Raphael was truly a disciple of Perugino and Painter in his style. Although there is much to associate Raphael with the school of Perugino within this painting, there can also be seen that within the work Raphael has started to move away from his masters style and also out-master the master! Bruno Santi in â€Å"Raphael, The Great Masters of Art† (p10) writes of Raphael’s superiority in the use of Perspective in comparison to Perugino. He cites Perugino’s fresco in the Sistine chapel is developed horizontally which is characteristic of the Quattrocento whereas Raphael uses a ‘well developed’ circular composition. The temple in Raphael’s representation is a polygonal building seemingly more complex than Perugino’s temple but perfectly portrayed and gives one a sense of Raphael’s complete confidence of the new architectural designs which were emerging through people such as Bramante and Da Vinci and it has been argued that their influence can be seen in this work.

Goals Are Very Effective For Motivating Performance

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These expectations can come from a variety of sources, including stereotypes associated with the goal target’s group. For example, competency-related gender stereotypes often lead to the expectation that women will perform worse than males at most tasks (Biernat Kobrynowics, 1997; Wood, 1987; Wood Karten, 1987). Therefore, given that assigned goals are likely based, at least in part, on expectations and that those expectations are often driven by stereotypes one must question whether theShow MoreRelatedAnalyzing The Article Of Prodancius ( 2012 ) On How One Sees His Career Path Supporting An Organization Essay759 Words   |  4 Pagesan organization while motivating and leading employees to be a high performance team, it appears that the author chose seven scholars (authors) to present their thoughts on the importance of studying an organization. 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